Residency & citizenship by investment

Second residency and citizenship, explained with every figure traced to its official source.

Investment migration programs change fast and many have closed. We show you what is open today, what it really costs, and the honest trade-offs, then handle the whole application for you.

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Unlock your options

Find the programs that fit what you want to invest

Slide the marker to your budget and watch the programs unlock. Based on each program's headline minimum.

Your budget$250,000
0 programs unlocked

Drag the coin, or use the arrow keys.

Headline minimums only, in each program's own currency (euro or US dollar); the other currency is an approximate conversion at the European Central Bank reference rate of 16 October 2026 (1 EUR = 1.1253 USD). Fees, taxes and other costs come on top and differ by program. Austria and Switzerland are not based on a fixed investment. For general guidance, not advice.

Programs open today

Only programs that currently accept applications are listed. Figures are verified against government sources and dated.

Greece Golden Visa Residency

Greece

Real estate

A renewable five-year residence permit for buying a single qualifying property in Greece: €800,000 in the busiest areas, €400,000 elsewhere.

Minimum From €400,000 (€800,000 in Attica, Thessaloniki and main islands)≈ US$450,000

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Portugal Golden Visa (ARI) Residency

Portugal

Investment funds, culture, research, company

Residence for investors through funds, culture, research or company routes. Real estate no longer qualifies.

Minimum From €250,000 (culture); €500,000 for funds, research or company≈ US$281,000

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Italy Investor Visa Residency

Italy

Startup, company, donation or government bonds

A two-year investor visa for non-EU citizens investing in an Italian startup, company, donation or government bonds. No real estate.

Minimum From €250,000 (innovative startup)≈ US$281,000

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Malta Permanent Residence Programme Residency

Malta

Property purchase or rental (MPRP)

Permanent residence for non-EU investors who buy or rent qualifying property. The investment-based citizenship route no longer exists.

Minimum €375,000 property or €14,000/yr rent, plus €60,000 fee and €37,000 contribution≈ US$422,000

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Grenada Citizenship by Investment Citizenship

Grenada

National Transformation Fund or approved real estate

Citizenship through a US$235,000 NTF contribution or approved real estate. Rules may change after a 2026 bill and an independent program review.

Minimum US$235,000 (NTF) plus government fees

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Montenegro Residence by Property Residency

Montenegro

Real estate ownership

One-year renewable residence for owners of Montenegrin real estate with a tax-assessed value of at least €150,000. The citizenship program closed in 2022.

Minimum Property with a tax-assessed value of at least €150,000≈ US$169,000

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Austria: Citizenship by Exceptional Merit Citizenship

Austria

Extraordinary achievements (§10(6) StbG)

Austria does not sell citizenship. A narrow discretionary route exists for people with extraordinary achievements in the interest of the Republic.

Minimum No official amount, not an investment program

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Switzerland: Residence by Lump-Sum Taxation Tax residence

Switzerland

Lump-sum (expenditure-based) taxation plus a cantonal residence permit

A tax arrangement for non-working foreigners moving to Switzerland, not an investment program. A residence permit is decided separately.

Minimum No investment; federal minimum taxable base CHF 434,700 (2025)

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St. Kitts and Nevis Citizenship by Investment Citizenship

St. Kitts and Nevis

Contribution (SISC) or approved real estate

Citizenship through a US$250,000 contribution or approved real estate. The EU has asked Eastern Caribbean programs to wind down by June 2028.

Minimum US$250,000 (SISC) plus government fees

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Dominica Citizenship by Investment Citizenship

Dominica

Economic Diversification Fund or approved real estate

Citizenship through a US$200,000 EDF contribution or approved real estate. The EU has asked Eastern Caribbean programs to wind down by June 2028.

Minimum US$200,000 (single) / US$250,000 (family of four) plus fees

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Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment Citizenship

Antigua and Barbuda

National Development Fund, real estate or business

Citizenship through a US$230,000 NDF contribution or approved real estate. The EU has asked the program to be phased out by June 2028.

Minimum US$230,000 (NDF) plus fees

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Saint Lucia Citizenship by Investment Citizenship

Saint Lucia

National Economic Fund, bond or real estate

Citizenship through the National Economic Fund, a bond or real estate. Published amounts are inconsistent, so we confirm them in writing.

Minimum US$240,000 (NEF) plus fees, confirmed case by case

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Turkey Citizenship by Investment Citizenship

Turkey

Real estate (US$400,000) or US$500,000 financial investments

Citizenship through at least US$400,000 in real estate or US$500,000 in other qualifying investments, decided by the President.

Minimum From US$400,000 (real estate)

View program →

See the full comparison table

Why investors choose GoldPassports

01

Official sources, not marketing numbers

Thresholds, fees and requirements are checked against the law, ministry or government agency that sets them. Each program page lists its sources and the date we last verified them.

02

Honest about what has closed

Spain, Ireland and Cyprus' citizenship program are closed, and Malta has changed. We tell you what is actually available, including when the best answer is “not this program”.

03

A lean team, a better price

We are a smaller operation than the big names, which keeps our fees competitive. Our advisors handle the bureaucracy and the application from first call to approval.

Before you decide

Do you need an advisor? The honest answer.

Sometimes the authorities require one. Sometimes they don't. Here is how it works, and what we add either way.

Is it mandatory?

It depends on the program. According to the official sources:

An authorised or licensed agent is required

MaltaGrenadaSt. Kitts and NevisDominicaAntigua and BarbudaSaint Lucia

GoldPassports is an authorised agent, so in these programs we can file the application for you and act as your single point of contact.

The official procedure lets you file yourself

PortugalItalyMontenegro

Even where it is optional, you will deal with notaries, banks, lawyers, funds or developers, and with documents that must be legalised and translated.

What a good advisor changes

  • Tells you which program fits your goal (residency or a passport, real estate or a financial investment).
  • Checks the investment before you pay: a Portuguese property no longer qualifies; a Greek property must be one asset of at least 120 m²; a Montenegrin property needs a tax value of at least €150,000; an Italian startup must be on the official register.
  • Prepares the source-of-funds file that due diligence will ask for.
  • Gives you the real total cost in writing, not just the headline minimum.
  • Coordinates lawyers, notaries and authorities, and follows renewals.

Why GoldPassports

  • Every figure traced to its official source, linked and dated on each program page.
  • We tell you what has closed and when a program is not the right answer, including the EU's request to phase out the Caribbean programs.
  • An authorised agent: where the law requires one, we can submit your application ourselves.
  • Advisors who are members of the Investment Migration Council.
  • A lean team, so you speak to the people doing the work.

Already know exactly what you want? Say so on the call. We will tell you honestly how much help you actually need.

Request a free call

How it works

  1. Free call

    We learn your goals, family and budget, and tell you which programs genuinely fit.

  2. Shortlist & plan

    We compare the options side by side: total cost, timeline, stay rules and path to citizenship.

  3. Application

    We prepare the documents, coordinate lawyers and authorities, and submit on your behalf.

  4. Approval & after-care

    We follow the case to approval and support you with renewals and next steps.

Not sure which program fits?

Tell us your situation and we will give you a straight answer, including when you should not invest.

Request a free call